马六甲庙堂街 Temple Street, Melaka
青云亭
Cheng Hoon Teng Temple
1673年成立
2000年与2005年修复
工程照
青云亭由马六甲华人甲必丹郑芳扬和李为经于1673年所建,從草創四百多年來,共经历了六七次擴建和修葺。清嘉庆六年,华人甲必丹蔡士章将该庙加造重修,才奠定了青云亭今日的面貌。
青云亭占地四万九千五百二十平方尺。庙宇雄伟庄严,共有五殿。今日我們看到的規模是大殿居中的回字型佈局,其他配殿、山門圍繞一圈。山門對街尚有一座獨立戲台。居中的大殿为三开间,殿前带同宽的三开间拜亭,较为罕见。大殿的室内格局极具特色,室内以高低不一的暗厝作不同高度的天花,产生不同层次的空间感。青云亭山门的屋顶最小但最具张力。它的屋面呈曲面,铺俯仰瓦,中脊作典型闽式燕尾,明间升起成断檐升箭口。拜亭与大殿的屋顶作三川顶。经多次重修,青云亭屋顶现呈潮州精细繁复的嵌瓷脊饰,工艺精湛。
街对面的戏台为三开间八柱式,建于光绪庚寅年(1890年),建筑风格偏潮式,屋顶为三川歇山顶,曲面不明显,大脊不作燕尾而作卷草翘脊。
青云亭于2000及2005年间两次委托文思古建公司全面修复主殿及戏台,而2002年的主殿修复工程耗时一年半,荣获了2002年联合国教科文组织亚太区文化遗产保护奖之优秀奖。
Cheng Hoon Teng was built by the Chinese Kapitan Tay Hong Yong and Lee Kap in 1673s. Over the course of 400 years, Cheng Hoon Teng underwent six to seven times of reconstruction or alteration works. In 1801, Chinese Kapitan Chua Su Cheong initiated a reconstruction of the temple, which cemented the most recognised outlook of the temple until today.
The compound of Cheng Hoon Teng occupies a total land area of 49,520 square feet. The temple is a grandiose ensemble of five halls, which comprises a central hall surrounded by supplementary chambers and fronted by a main gate. Across the street, an opera stage was erected in exact opposite to the main gate. The three-bayed main hall stands on the central axis of the compound. A prayer pavilion of equal width - one of its architectural peculiarity - is attached to its front. The interior architecture of the temple is deliberately manipulated, where concealed overhead attic spaces were used to create uneven room heights for an interesting spatial experience. The roof of the three-bayed main gate is the smallest but the most expressive. It has a tripartite roof with differential eaves, tiled alternately with curved tiles, each with the classic curved ridges, decorated with Teochew style jian nian figurines. Similarly, the prayer pavilion and the main hall both have a san chuan roof with layered central ridges.
Opposite the main temple, the opera stage of Cheng Hoon Teng which was erected in 1890 has three bays. The architectural style of the stage is inclined to Teochew Style. It also has a san chuan roof that resembles the main temple. However, its roof surface is hardly curved and the ridges end with rinceaux instead of the more common Hokkien’s ‘swallow tails’.
In the years 2000 and 2005, Wensi Heritage was engaged twice to carry out complete restoration works of the main hall and the stage. The first restoration in 2000 took sixteen months and was awarded the Award of Merit of the UNESCO Asia-Pacific Heritage Awards for Culture Heritage Conservation in 2002.